Urban Studies

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I prefer not to, said Bartleby, the Scrivener, a dead-letter-office employee burdened by apathy, perhaps possessing the most horrible truth. But Bartleby wouldn’t have the option of refusal today. He’s been replaced by a machine that never says ‘no,’ not so far at least. The opening of an article by Ron Nixon of the New York Times about the death of the dead letter office:

SALT LAKE CITY — Inside a plain warehouselike office building filled with rows of cubicles, Melissa Stark stares at the image of an envelope on a computer screen. The handwriting is barely legible and appears to be addressed to someone in the ‘cty of Jesey.’

‘Is that a 7 or a 9 in the address?’ Ms. Stark said to no one in particular. Then she typed in a few numbers and a list of possible addresses popped up on her screen. ‘Looks like a 9,’ she said before selecting an address, apparently in Jersey City. The letter disappears and another one appears on the screen.

‘That means I got it right,’ Ms. Stark said.

Ms. Stark is one of the Postal Service’s data conversion operators, a techie title for someone who deciphers unreadable addresses, and she is one of the last of a breed. In September, the post office will close one of its two remaining centers where workers try to read the scribble on envelopes and address labels that machines cannot. At one time, there were 55 plants around the country where addresses rejected by machines were guessed at by workers aided with special software to get the mail where it was intended.

But improved scanning technology now allows machines to ‘read’ virtually all of the 160 billion pieces of mail that moved through the system last year. As machines have improved, workers have been let go, and after September, the facility here will be the post office’s only center for reading illegible mail.”

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Alec Ash of the Los Angeles Review of Books has an interview with science-fiction author Fei Dao of China, arguably the most sci-fi place on Earth right now, a nation careering wildly into its future, though oddly mostly utilizing pieces of the Western industrial past to get there. So far, at least. An excerpt:

Question: 

What is unique or particular about Chinese science fiction?

Fei Dao:

Chinese sci fi has about a hundred years of history. When it started, in the late Qing dynasty around 1902, it was chiefly concerned with the problem of bringing ancient China into modernity. At that time, Liang Qichao [translated sci fi] because he thought it would be beneficial for China’s future … as something that could popularize scientific knowledge. And Lu Xun thought that if you gave ordinary people scientific literature to read, they would fall asleep. But if you blended scientific knowledge into stories with a plot, it would be more interesting. [He thought that] in this way, the people could become more modern.

So at that time science fiction was a very serious thing to do in China that could allow ordinary people to get closer to modern scientific knowledge, and serve as a tool for transforming traditional culture into modern culture. It played a very important role, and had a serious mission to accomplish.

Today, there is a commercial publishing market for sci fi, and people don’t have such weighty expectations of literature, yet authors are still discussing serious topics. Three Body by Liu Cixin or Subway (地铁) by Han Song both have many reflections about the direction of this country and of humanity. So this kind of writing can convey concerns about the future, or discuss the current situation in China.

For example, Han Song’s Subway is about a subway station. In China, subway systems are an emblem of modernization. Many cities in China are building huge subway systems, because to have one or not is the standard of a city’s modernity and development. So in discussing this symbol, Han Song seized on a sensitive point. After publishing Subway, he wrote another book called Highspeed Rail (高铁), another emblem of technological innovation. So Han Song is consistently concerned with the potential catastrophes of the process of modernization.

Liu Cixin, on the other hand, is expressing a more grand feeling of the universe in the tradition of Western sci fi. In doing so, he wants Chinese people to look up at the sky, and not just be concerned with earthly matters. The mainstream of Chinese literature is about real-world subject matter, such as the countryside or urban life. Very few people are concerned with the fate of humankind, the future of the universe, or even aliens. These things are themselves alien to Chinese readers, but can be introduced through this kind of writing.

I think that the key theme of Chinese science fiction, no matter how it develops, is how this ancient country and its people are moving in the direction of the future.”

Gerrymandering has allowed an out-of-favor political party to control Congress, to stem the flow of economic revival for all but a few in an extremely top-heavy American economic recovery. From Gillian Tett is the Financial Times:

“A few weeks ago, when I was chatting with the head of one of America’s largest food and drink companies, he made a revealing comment about data flows. Like most consumer groups, this particular company is currently spending a lot of money to monitor its customers with big data.

But it is not simply watching what they do or do not buy. These days it is increasingly scrutinizing the micro-level details of pay and benefit cycles in every district in America. The reason? Before 2007, this executive said, consumer spending on food and drink was fairly stable during the month in most US cities. But since 2007, spending patterns have become extremely volatile. More and more consumers appear to be living hand-to-mouth, buying goods only when their pay checks, food stamps or benefit money arrive. And this change has not simply occurred in the poorest areas: even middle-class districts are prone to these swings. Hence the need to study local pay and benefit cycles.

‘We see a pronounced difference between how people are shopping today and before the recession,’ the executive explained. ‘Consumers are living pay check by pay check, and they tend to spend accordingly. Then you have 50 million people on food stamps and that has cycles too. So for our business it has become critical to understand the cycle – when pay [and benefit] checks are arriving.'”

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About a decade ago, I was forced at gunpoint to write a magazine article about pornography entering the American cultural mainstream, which had been a trope of glossies for a few decades but seemed particularly relevant at that moment. Looking back on it, I know I missed one of the main points. Writers, photographers and filmmakers explained to me why porn stars and obscene art were becoming more commonplace and acceptable, but almost all of them told me that there were limits, that we would never see anything X-rated on television, the most important medium.

Of course, in retrospect, they may have been right that porn wouldn’t enter prime time on TV, but the larger, unstated  point was that television wasn’t going to be anywhere close to the dominant medium for much longer because it was so centrally controlled. The Internet and online video and streaming were greatly reducing the importance of TV, and soon it would always be prime time and whatever you wanted, blue or otherwise, would be available at every second.

From a Telegraph article in which Eric Schmidt points out the obvious–that TV has already replaced by freer and more interactive platforms:

“Speaking at a gathering of digital advertisers in New York City last night, Mr Schmidt refused to forecast when internet video would displace television, instead declaring: ‘That’s already happened.’

‘It’s not a replacement for something that we know,” he added. “It’s a new thing that we have to think about, to program, to curate and build new platforms.”

YouTube recently surpassed the milestone of a billion unique users a month. Only the Google search engine and social network Facebook are frequented more often by those browsing the internet worldwide.”

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The opening of “A Growing Cult Reaches Dangerously Into The Mind,” Alan Levy’s November 15. 1968 Life investigation into Scientology:

“The lights in the hall go dim, leaving the bronzed bust of the Founder spotlighted at center stage. From the loudspeakers comes L Ron Hubbard’s voice, deep and professional. It is a tape called ‘Some Aspects of Help, Part 1,’ a basic lecture’ in Scientology that Hubbard recorded nearly 10 years ago.

No one in the intensely respectable Los Angeles audience of 500 — some of whom paid as much as $16 to get in — thought it odd to be sitting there listening to a disembodied voice. Among believers, Scientology and its founder are beyond frivolous question. Scientology is the Truth, it is the path to ‘a civilization without insanity, without criminals and without war . . .’ and ‘for the first time in all ages there is something that ….delivers the answers to the eternal questions and delivers immortality as well.’

So much of a credo might be regarded as harmless — practically indistinguishable from any number of minor schemes for the improvement of Man. But Scientology is scary — because of its size and growth, and because of the potentially disastrous techniques it so casually makes use of. To attain the Truth, a Scientologist surrenders himself to “auditing,” a crude form of psychoanalysis. In the best medical circumstances this is a delicate procedure, but in Scientology it is undertaken by an ‘auditor’ who is simply another Scientologist in training, who uses an ‘E-meter,’ which resembles a lie detector. A government report, made to the parliament of the State of Victoria in Australia three years ago, called Scientology ‘the worlds largest organization of unqualified persons engaged in the practice of dangerous techniques which masquerade as mental therapy.’ As author Alan Levy found out by personal experience ‘pages 100B – 114’, the auditing experience can be shattering.

How many souls have become hooked on Scientology is impossible to say precisely. Worldwide membership — England, South Africa, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, France, Germany, Japan and the U.S. — is probably between two and three million. In the U.S. offices in Washington, New York, Los Angeles and seven other cities, the figure may now be more than several hundred thousand. What is astonishing — and frightening — is the rate of growth in the U.S.: membership has probably tripled or quadrupled in the past three years.

Recruits to Scientology are most often young, intelligent and idealistic. They become fanatics on the subject, impervious to argument, quick to cut themselves off from doubters. Many young people have been instructed by their Scientology organizations ‘orgs,’ they are called to ‘disconnect’ from their families. ‘Disconnect’ means exactly that: sever all relations. Such estrangements can be deep and lasting, leaving heartsick parents no longer able to speak rationally with their children.

Scientology is expensive.”

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From the August 1, 1890 New York Times:

Plainfield, N.J.–Mary Goldsmith, who died near Plainfield a day or two ago in consequence, it is supposed, of a too free drinking of milk, was a cook employed on Gen, Schwenck’s large dairy farm, Holly Grove, on the Park Avenue Road. She was a middle-aged woman and had been in Gen. Schwenck’s service for some time.

She became very fond of the fresh milk, and drank it warm as it came from the cows morning and evening. The family cannot say how much she drank a day, but they think she must have consumed three or four gallons. She grew stout, but seemed to be in perfect health till within a day or two of her death. Then she complained of pains around her heart. She finally suffered so much that she was forced to her bed, and died a few hours later.”

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Because the word’s highest cancer rates aren’t killing citizens at a fast-enough pace, China may be in the midst of importing American football. NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell has at least 99 problems–many of them-concussion-related–but he gets breathless over the thought of cracking the world’s biggest market. The opening of “Hard Knocks: Shanghai,” Hua Hsu’s new Grantland article:

“The National Football League currently maintains four offices around the world. There is an office in Mexico City. The NFL has been popular in Mexico since at least the 1970s, and some of the largest-ever crowds to watch preseason and regular-season games were recorded in the nation’s capital, where the league has staged games since 1994. There’s another office in Toronto, where the league claims a fan base of nearly 1 million, the most die-hard among them along the border. NFL Europa shut down operations in 2007 but an office continues to thrive in London, where an annual regular-season game is played at Wembley Stadium. Commissioner Roger Goodell has even mused, carefully and obliquely, about one day placing a franchise there.

The last office is in Shanghai.

How does one begin to explain how unlikely NFL China is? Anything you want to assume about a nation that constitutes nearly 20 percent of the world’s population is probably true. China is whatever you want it to be: Massive and diverse and black-hair sameness, ancient and postmodern and blink-of-an-eye changing, it requires a different scale of description. But it’s probably not the riskiest generalization to suggest that China does not conform to anyone’s vision of a hotbed for American football. When I arrived in Shanghai, I was offered a litany of reasons, ranging from the cultural to the genetic, for why the sport would never catch on among locals. For example: There isn’t a deeply ingrained sports culture in China, and what little energies were devoted to following such things usually involved international competition. Team sports aren’t big in China, either, and the one-child policy has made parents more averse than ever to subjecting their kids to potential harm. And beyond all this, there’s football itself, which has never been an intuitive product for American export. Even nations with an appetite for American things have traditionally found football exotic and inscrutable, one of those aspects of the culture that simply doesn’t translate well.

But something unusual is happening throughout China’s major cities, where football is one of the fastest-growing sports. ocal Chinese kids are buying cleats and pads and starting teams and football clubs.”

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Fitting dementia patients with a GPS so that they can be monitored and recovered doesn’t seem like such a bad idea to me, but Sussex police have gotten a strong reaction to such a scheme. From the Guardian:

“Police have defended a ‘barbaric’ decision to buy GPS locating devices to trace people with dementia who disappear.

Sussex police have bought six battery-powered locators as part of a attempt to save money and time spent on searching for dementia patients.

The National Pensioners Convention described the introduction of the devices as ‘barbaric’ and suggested people could be stigmatized and made to feel like criminals.

But Sergeant Suzie Mitchell said: ‘The scheme is only costing Sussex police a few hundred pounds but, comparing this to police time, resources, potential risk to the missing person, let alone the anxiety and worry for their family, it is, in my opinion, a few hundred pounds well spent.'”

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How can privacy be a thing anymore when robots look like insects, when they can be programmed to fly into any open window? And that’s not even considering actual insects being controlled remotely, being genetically modified to follow orders. The opening of a story at Harvard’s site about a robotic insect making its first controlled flight:

“Last summer, in a Harvard robotics laboratory, an insect took flight. Half the size of a paper clip, weighing less than a tenth of a gram, it leapt a few inches, hovered for a moment on fragile, flapping wings, and then sped along a preset route through the air.

Like a proud parent watching a child take its first steps, graduate student Pakpong Chirarattananon immediately captured a video of the fledgling and emailed it to his adviser and colleagues at 3 a.m. — subject line: ‘Flight of the RoboBee.’

‘I was so excited, I couldn’t sleep,’ recalls Chirarattananon, co-lead author of a paper published this week in Science.”

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Hunger artists, professionals fasters who would display themselves before dime-museum audiences as they gradually starved over many weeks, were once popular in sideshows and with Kafka, That “entertainment” died out, but fasting is in vogue again, this time for health rather than curiosity. At Aeon, S. Abbas Raza investigates the new no-food trend. The opening: 

“It all began in March last year when I read an article by Steve Hendricks in Harper’s magazine titled ‘Starving Your Way to Vigour’. Hendricks examined the health benefits of fasting, including long-term reduced seizure activity in epileptics, lowered blood pressure in hypertensives, better toleration of chemotherapy in cancer patients, and, of course, weight loss. He also mentioned significantly increased longevity in rats that are made to fast. Most interesting was his tale of undertaking a 20-day fast himself, during which he shed more than 20 pounds and kept it off for the two years since. I was fascinated, and I started reading more about fasting afterwards, although at the time I had no intention of doing it myself.

The benefits of fasting have been much in the news again lately, in part due to a best-selling book from the UK that is also making waves in the US: The Fast Diet: Lose Weight, Stay Healthy, Live Longer (2013) by Dr Michael Mosley and Mimi Spencer. Mosley is a BBC health and science journalist who extols the benefits of ‘intermittent fasting’. There are many versions of this type of fasting that are currently the subject of various research programs, but Mosley settled on the 5:2 ratio — in every week, two days of fasting, and five days of normal eating. Even on the fasting days, one may eat small amounts: 600 calories maximum for men, 500 for women, so about a quarter of a normal day’s intake. Mosley’s claim is that such a ‘feast or famine’ regime closely matches the food consumption patterns of pre-modern societies, and our bodies are designed to optimize such eating. Drawing on various research projects studying intermittent fasting and weight loss, cholesterol levels and so on, he argues that even after quite short periods of fasting, our bodies turn off fat-storing mechanisms and switch to a fat-burning ‘repair-and-recover’ mode. Mosley says that he himself lost 20lbs in nine weeks on the diet, bringing his percentage of body fat from 28 to 20 per cent. He says his blood glucose went from ‘diabetic to normal’, and that his cholesterol levels also declined from levels that needed medication to normal. He also says that he feels much more energetic since.”

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“While on the table the body showed signs of life.”

No one in a Massachusetts insane asylum was going to believe the story of Estelle Newman. They would just assume she was crazy. An article about her predicament from the December 11, 1884 New York Times:

Springfield, Mass.–A strange story has come from Egremont, among the Berkshire hills, near the New-York line. The town and the surrounding villages are in great excitement. The story runs that Estelle Newman, about 30 years old, died in Egremont in 1878, and, after the funeral services in the little Methodist church was buried in the town cemetery and forgotten. The sensation comes from the dying testimony of H. Worth Wright, in Connecticut, who is said to have confessed to his brother that he, being a student in the Albany Medical College, was present at the funeral with other students, lay in wait near the cemetery till the burial was over and graveyard was deserted, and then helped disinter the body and carry it in a sack to the medical college. They at once went to work on it in a dissecting room. While on the table the body showed signs of life, and was resuscitated by the students. Finding the woman alive on their hands the authorities of the college had her taken to an insane asylum in Schoharie County, N.Y. This is the last that Wright is said to have known of her whereabouts. The Newman woman’s grave will probably be opened to see what the story amounts to.”

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Richard Brautigan 1084

A miscast spokesperson of drugged-out hippies, the writer Richard Brautigan wasn’t enamored with narcotics nor the wide-eyed, bell-bottomed set. He wrote two things I love: The 1967 novel Trout Fishing in America and the 1968 poem “All Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace.” The opening of “King of the Granola Heads” Michael LaPointe’s Times Literary Supplement review of a new book about the iconoclastic author:

“Richard Brautigan, the Love Generation’s prickly and whimsical poet-novelist, died what the sheriff’s report termed an ‘unattended death’ on September 16, 1984. Having committed suicide with one of his beloved Smith & Wesson revolvers, Brautigan was not discovered in his home in Bolinas, California until October 25, at which point he needed to be ‘scooped up with a shovel.’ Why did Brautigan, the author of bestselling, generation-defining novels such as Trout Fishing in America and In Watermelon Sugar, die so alone? In Jubilee Hitchhiker, William Hjortsberg maps the rocketing rise and disastrous decline of this most quixotic American author.

Born in 1935 to a single mother in Tacoma, Washington, Richard Gary Brautigan was destined for a life on the fringes. He was even, at first, estranged from his own name, his mother borrowing the surname Porterfield from one of his many stepfathers. Unmoored from ancestry, Brautigan would always be a self-mythologizer, complicating the biographer’s task, but in the early, ‘Dick Porterfield’ chapters of Jubilee Hitchhiker, Hjortsberg disentangles events from their embellishments. ‘Imagination feeds on the irrational,’ he writes, and Brautigan’s young mind was given a steady diet. The midcentury Pacific Northwest has the larger-than-life dimensions of legend, complete with a near-apocalyptic flood, which the Porterfield family was the last to escape, ‘watching the highway fold up behind them ‘like scrambled eggs.’

After the deluge, Brautigan acquired his major trope: ‘Fishing consumed [his] life.’ With his towering height, white-blond, soup bowl haircut and overalls, the young Brautigan resembled Tom Sawyer, ‘hitchhiking up the McKenzie in the rain with a fly rod under his arm and a peanut butter sandwich in his pocket.’ Brautigan would always retain an anachronistic quality. By the age of twelve, he was collecting cans, blackberries and nightcrawlers to help the family make ends meet. In 1956, he hitchhiked down to San Francisco and never saw or spoke to his family again.” (Thanks Browser.)

See also:

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Personal Slave For A Day – $2500 (Manhattan)

Times are rough out here, and I’ve been without a steady job for almost 2 years and I am in desperate need of money. Since I have nothing left this is the only thing I can think of. I am willing to sell myself for your service for 24 hours or however long you like. The only rule is that I can’t do anything illegal or cause bodily harm to others or myself. Other than that I am all yours. A little about me: I am 25 year old college graduate male. Tall 6’2 and 260 pounds. If any questions or concerns let me know. Please I am desperate for money so don’t waste my time.

“I had terrible diarrhea. Must have been the eggs. Never again.”

They were poached.

They were poached.

This epoch in America will likely be remembered for our great divide–economically, scientifically, culturally and educationally. These aren’t the worst of times, but they are the best of times for fewer and fewer. From Jordan Weissmann at the Atlantic, a passage about the top-heavy success of our educational system:

“When you look at the average performance of American students on international test scores, our kids come off as a pretty middling bunch. If you rank countries based on their very fine differences, we come in 14th in reading, 23rd in science, and 25th in math. Those finishes led Secretary of Education Arne Duncan to flatly declare that ‘we’re being out-educated.’

And on average, maybe we are. But averages also sometimes obscure more than they reveal. My colleague Derek Thompson has written before about how, once you compare students from similar income and class backgrounds, our relative performance improves dramatically, suggesting that our educational problems may be as much about our sheer number of poor families as our supposedly poor schools. This week, I stumbled on another data point that belies the stereotype of dimwitted American teens. 

When it comes to raw numbers, it turns out we generally have far more top performers than any other developed nation.”

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Excerpts from smart posts on two blogs at Smithsonian, one about the tortured history of Los Angeles public transportation and the other about the future of job interviews.

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From Matt Novak’sNobody Walks in L.A.“:

“In 1926 there was a big push to build over 50 miles of elevated railway in Los Angeles. The city’s low density made many skeptical that Los Angeles could ever support public transit solutions to its transportation woes in the 20th century. The local newspapers campaigned heavily against elevated railways downtown, even going so far as to send reporters to Chicago and Boston to get quotes critical of those cities’ elevated railways. L.A.’s low density was a direct result of the city’s most drastic growth occurring in the 1910s and ‘20s when automobiles were allowing people to spread out and build homes in far flung suburbs and not be tied to public transit to reach the commercial and retail hub of downtown.

As strange as it may seem today, the automobile was seen by many as the progressive solution to the transportation problems of Los Angeles in the 1920s. The privately owned rail companies were inflating their costs and making it impossible for the city to buy them out. Angelenos were reluctant to to subsidize private rail, despite their gripes with service. Meanwhile, both the city and the state continued to invest heavily in freeways. In 1936 Fortune magazine reported on what they called rail’s obsolescence.

Though the city’s growth stalled somewhat during the Great Depression it picked right back up again during World War II. People were again moving to the city in droves looking for work in this artificial port town that was fueling the war effort on the west coast. But at the end of the war the prospects for mass transit in L.A. were looking as grim as ever.”

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From Randy Rieland’s “How Big Data Will Mean the End of Job Interviews“:

“Consider the findings of Evolv, a San Francisco company that’s making a name for itself through its data-driven insights. It contends, for instance, that people who fill out online job applications using a browser that they installed themselves on their PCs, such as Chrome or Firefox, perform their jobs better and change jobs less often. You might speculate that this is because the kind of person who downloads a browser other than the one that came with his or her computer, is more proactive, more resourceful.

But Evolv doesn’t speculate. It simply points out that this is what data from more than 30,000 employees strongly suggests. There’s nothing anecdotal about it; it’s based on info gleaned from ten of thousands of workers. And that’s what gives it weight.

‘The heart of science is measurement,’ Erik Brynjolfsson, of the Sloan School of Management at M.I.T., pointed out in a recent New York Times article on what’s become known as work-force science. ‘We’re seeing a revolution in measurement, and it will revolutionize organizational economics and personnel economics.'”

 

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A man in his 30s talking to a woman in her 30s at a Manhattan Starbucks:

“Ernest Hemingway was a very good writer…apparently.”

 

I'm going to shoot myself again.

I’m going to shoot myself again.

Our customers pay $5 for a bad latte. Of course, they're stupid.

Our customers pay $5 for a bad latte. Of course, they’re stupid.

David Scott Milton, a writer who taught composition to inmates at maximum-security prisons for more than a dozen years, just did an Ask Me Anything on Reddit. A few exchanges follow.

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Question:

So are all people redeemable, or are there truly some that have no conscience, and no empathy? 

Answer: 

One of the astonishing things that I discovered in working in the prison- I had no idea of this from the outside- on the maximum yard, 5 to 10% of the inmates are unredeemable. They should probably be locked away and never thought of again. 5 to 10% (in my opinion) are likely innocent and wholly redeemable. The other 80% run the gamut from mostly redeemable to barely redeemable.

The tragedy is that they’re all lumped together.

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Question:

What is it you think separates the irredeemable 10% from the rest? 

Answer: 

I think the irredeemable 10% were just broken beyond repair. Either they were born sociopaths or life ground them down so hard and so fast that there wasn’t enough human emotion remaining to work with. Though I’d say legitimate, diagnosable sociopaths were rare, there was definitely that 5 to 10% that was so without empathy that they might as well have been.

Most of the prisoners I met who were like that had had unspeakable things happen to them in childhood, so in a sense they were victims, but I couldn’t pity them. I should add that not many of these ended up in my class. Once they were in prison many of them either became very apathetic or focused more on manipulating the hierarchy inside the prison for their own ends, and I wasn’t useful in either case.

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Question:

What is your craziest/wildest experience teaching at the prison?

Answer:

There were half a dozen times over 13 years where I thought I was in serious danger. These were one-on-one confrontations where, if the prisoner had felt like killing me, I’d have been dead… And I thought he might feel like killing me.

The craziest was when a female guard was walked off the yard after she was caught en flagrante delicto with an inmate. They escorted her off the yard, and it turned out her husband worked there too. He was a tower guard with a loudspeaker, and he was screaming insults at her as they walked her off. Also, as a tower guard, he had a gun, but luckily he never fired at her. All the inmates were forced to lie flat on the ground, but they found the whole thing very entertaining, hooting and hollering. It was a madhouse.

Question:

I can’t believe she would be so stupid while her husband was working there!

Answer:

Especially considering he was armed!

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Question:

How has working in the prison affected you? Both you personally and your views on prisoners/prisons.

Answer:

When I first started, I was very interested in my students and their stories, interested in the whole world they inhabited. But as time went on it really wore on me, reading about their murders, hearing about their abuse (many of them had been abused horribly as children by monsters before becoming monsters themselves)… It’s a coldness that seeps into your soul, and eventually it becomes almost too much to handle. I think it’s similar (though not nearly as intense) as what social workers experience, just being exposed to the full spectrum of human cruelty.

As far as my views on prisoners and prisons, the main thing that was affected was my judgmental nature. Before I went in, I saw crime as black and white. I was a proponent of the death penalty. And I believed there was something fundamentally different between me and someone who could commit murder. Teaching in the prisons taught me that there is very little separating any of us from a criminal. I had very few students who I believe were sociopaths, completely irredeemable. Most of the students I worked with were just kids who never had a chance and grew up to be something horrible. And many of the students I worked with were normal people who made one horrible mistake while high, or in a fit of rage or jealousy.

I also no longer believe in the death penalty, because there were a few students I had who I genuinely believe were innocent.

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From the April 4, 1912 New York Times:

London–The story of how Adelaide Dallamore, a girl of 23 years, dressed as a man and living with another girl as her husband, while earning a living for both as a plumber, was related to-day in an action in the Police Court.

Miss Dallamore as arrested on a charge of disorderly conduct as a man, and the arrest led to the amazing discovery.

Miss Dallamore for some time has earned a good living working at plumbing. On promising to dress in woman’s clothes in the future the court bound the girl over.”

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The opening of the most depressing thing I’ve read so far today, Eddie Earnest’s well-written Venture Beat essay about the possibility of humans being assigned a “character score” online, because American culture hasn’t yet been reduced enough to high-school level by Facebook, comic-book movies and reality television:

As the globe shrinks and our social worlds expand, the need for more transparency in both our on and offline dealings is increasing. In a virtual world, we may need a universal character score.

Before the Young’s Modulus measurement of elasticity, engineers had to guess when a material would fail. A chancy proposition in the context of bridge-building, yet a risk we still take when it comes to assessing the fortitude of a person’s character. When daily business was conducted face-to-face, judging character was a fairly straightforward, albeit highly subjective, process. Now, in a digitally connected world, assessing character can be a stubbornly elusive task.

The potential for a universal character score is huge. A standardized measure could help us decide everything from who to partner with on a business venture to whose yard sale we should attend — and everything in between. Measuring and quantifying personal character has long been considered an impossibility, yet we may find it helps us in both our social and professional digital interactions.”

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This might not matter to any readers outside of NYC, but our current mayoral race features the usual cast of characters, party-machine hacks and some outsider eccentrics, and none are very inspiring. It’s so bad that some have suggested that the disgraced former congressman Anthony Weiner get into the race. I don’t understand that one. Even before his fall from grace, I never quite knew what Weiner was supposed to be good at, apart from being young and ambitious. But what if Eliot Spitzer decided to run for mayor?

We know Spitzer is a weirdo creep, and his management skills as the Governor of New York State were lacking. But he’s a very bright and talented person who was on to all the Wall Street shenanigans long before they laid our economy low. 

Here are two things he would have to convince voters of before they could consider supporting him: Has he given up mistreating women? Has he learned from his stint in the governor’s mansion that consensus-building is important, that enemies should be treated as enemies, but potential allies shouldn’t be?

New Yorkers aren’t so rigidly moralistic that they would turn down the best option politically even if that person is damaged goods. Likely though, the Spitzer question is one we’ll never have answered.•

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“She was a withered old hag of singular presence, being nearly 6 feet 9 inches in height and exceedingly slim.”

This deeply insulting and jaw-dropping article about the disappearance and death of the matriarch of family named De Groat, which appeared in the November 29, 1880 edition of the New York Times, may be the single craziest thing to ever appear in the paper. The opening:

Mongaup Valley; Sullivan County, N.Y.–Three hunters from the western part of Sullivan County were in town to-day, and reported the finding of the body of an old woman who had been missing from the neighborhood of Mongaup Valley since the first week in November. Her death was a tragic one, and was a fitting end to a strange life. Her name was Margaret Conkling, and she was known throughout the county as ‘Old Mag.’ She belonged to a large family of half-savage people known as the ‘De Groats,” the ‘Hinkses,’ the ‘Henions,’ and the ‘Conklings.’ This family numbers about 375 men, women, and children, and a more degraded set of persons it would be difficult to find in the United States. They dwell in small cabins and caves in the wooded hills of Orange and Sullivan Counties, and their living is made principally by stealing, hunting, and fishing. Some of them are expert basket-makers, and, with huge backloads of baskets, they often descend from the mountains to the villages of Sparrowbush, Port Jervis, Monticello, Huguenot, and Cudderbackville, where they dispose of their wares and invest the proceeds in whisky and tobacco. On these trips they plan robberies, and every basket-selling tour is sure to be followed by a raid. They can easily hide themselves in the mountains, and always manage to escape detection. They are of Indian descent, and bear all the facial marks of their ancestors, while their habits are even less decent than those of their savage progenitors. They intermarry exclusively, and no divorce is needed to separate man and wife when they wish to be separated. The result of this is evident in the faces and persons of their children. Many of them are idiotic, some of them are born without ears, some without hands, and there is one singular being, now living in a lonely hut near a pond on the western edge of Sullivan County, that would be an acquisition to Barnum’s show. This object–for it can scarcely be called a person–has neither nose, eyes, nor ears, and only two teeth can be found in its head. Its feet are clubbed, and its hands are more like the fins of a fish than human members. Yet this singular creature lives and seems to enjoy itself. Dave Boyle, a well-known hunter in that section, has seen it eat raw fish, raw potatoes, and raw skunk flesh with evident delight. The mother of this object is a woman 6 feet 7 inches in height, and her husband is her own uncle. The mother has a heavy beard, and the father is a hare-lipped, hunchback dwarf, not quite four feet in height.

Such is the family to which ‘Old Mag’ belonged, and among this savage tribe she was regarded as a sort of queen. She was said by them to be the ‘seventh daughter of a seventh daughter,’ and was therefore thought to be endowed with miraculous powers of curing and fortune-telling. She was a withered old hag of singular presence, being nearly 6 feet 9 inches in height and exceedingly slim. Her skin was yellow, her hair long, black, and coarse, and her chin was covered with a beard about three inches long. She dressed herself in Indian style, and lived alone in her cabin on the shore of Big Pond, just in the edge of a productive cranberry marsh. Here she was visited last Summer by large numbers of New York and Philadelphia people who were spending the Summer in Sullivan County. She told their fortunes and received presents of money from them. ‘Old Mag’ would never allow a human being to sleep in her cabin. not even one of her own tribe, and those of the tribe who visited her always went prepared to sleep out of doors. These family gatherings were the wildest orgies imaginable, and more than one member of the fraternity has been missing after a debauch in some little log cabin in a remote glen or on a bleak mountain. 

‘Old Mag’ was last seen alive in the latter part of October. At that time she visited Mongaup Valley and Forestburg, telling fortunes and laying in a stock of tobacco and whisky. She seemed to be as lively as ever. One week after she was seen at the Mongaup Valley Post Office a half-witted young man named Hinks, one of the tribe, appeared and said that ‘Old Mag ain’t no hum no more and mebbe she’s dead.’ A hunter who heard of her disappearance made a trip to her cabin and found it deserted.”

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“I metal detect as a hobby.”

People who lost something in their yard (norwalk)

Have you lost something in your yard? Let me bring my metal detector and help find it. I metal detect as a hobby and would enjoy helping you.

From Jason Dorrier at Singularity Hub, a hopeful take on the seemingly scary side of the rise of the machines:

“Before the 20th century, most folks in the West farmed. Now, thanks to massive productivity gains in agriculture, virtually none do. To a 19th century farmer that would imply nothing less than the collapse of the economy. Why? Because the thing most people did back then was farm. Our farmer might understandably wonder, ‘What will we do when machines perform our jobs for us? How will we make money? How will we survive?’

We are gifted with the vision of our times and cursed with the temptation to extrapolate that vision into the future. How could our farmer know that in 2013 humans would be paid to make movies, pick up garbage, write online, build robots, clean bathrooms, engineer rockets, lead guided tours, drive trucks, play in garage bands, brew artisanal beer, or write code?

The revolution in agricultural technology liberated vast resources and made us all richer and the economy more diverse as a result. And while one might think that those riches should have accrued to only those making agricultural tech, thus permanently widening the income gap, no such thing happened in practice. While those making agricultural machinery undoubtedly made some bucks, the next economic waves provided different work and income for many levels of skill and motivation.

This is understandably a firebrand topic right now. If current unemployment marked the beginning of mass technological unemployment, you can be sure mass social unrest would be quick to follow. But we can’t prove it’s structural yet. Unemployment is a typically lagging indicator.”

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Numbers don’t kill all the narratives, just the fictional ones. But the numbers have to be done correctly or they create their own fictions.

During the 1950s, advertising legend David Ogilvy was doing market research for movie studios, figuring out which stars were worth big bucks and which were overpaid. It was a matter of surveying the public with carefully crafted questions. Today Nick Meaney does something similar, relying instead on computers that crunch numbers. From “Slaves to the Algorithm,” Tom Whipple’s Intelligent Life article about the new math, a passage about Meaney’s world:

“The headquarters of Epagogix, [Nick] Meaney’s company, do not look like the sort of headquarters from which one would confidently launch an attack on Hollywood royalty. A few attic rooms in a shared south London office, they don’t even look as if they would trouble Dollywood. But my meeting with Meaney will be cut short because of another he has, with two film executives. And at the end, he will ask me not to print the full names of his analysts, or his full address. He is worried that they could be poached.

Worse though, far worse, would be if someone in Hollywood filched his computer. It is here that the iconoclasm happens. When Meaney is given a job by a studio, the first thing he does is quantify thousands of factors, drawn from the script. Are there clear bad guys? How much empathy is there with the protagonist? Is there a sidekick? The complex interplay of these factors is then compared by the computer to their interplay in previous films, with known box-office takings. The last calculation is what it expects the film to make. In 83% of cases, this guess turns out to be within $10m of the total. Meaney, to all intents and purposes, has an algorithm that judges the value—or at least the earning power—of art.

To explain how, he shows me a two-dimensional representation: a grid in which each column is an input, each row a film. ‘Curiously,’ Meaney says, ‘if we block this column…’ With one hand, he obliterates the input labelled ‘star,’ casually rendering everyone from Clooney to Cruise, Damon to De Niro, an irrelevancy. ‘ In almost every case, it makes no difference to the money column.’

‘For me that’s interesting. The first time I saw that I said to the mathematician, ‘You’ve got to change your program—this is wrong.’ He said, ‘I couldn’t care less—it’s the numbers.’’ There are four exceptions to his rules. If you hire Will Smith, Brad Pitt or Johnny Depp, you seem to make a return. The fourth? As far as Epagogix can tell, there is an actress, one of the biggest names in the business, who is actually a negative influence on a film. ‘It’s very sad for her,’ he says. But hers is a name he cannot reveal.”

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