(Image by Glenn Fleishman.)
Ice Stove: A device shown to be practical by Dr. Alexander Graham Bell to furnish cool air for households, etc. Into a large box 200 pounds of ice are fed twice every week. Air pipes lead from the ice box and convey the chilled air to where it is needed, the flow being regulated by an electric fan.
Iconoclasts: Originally, an Eastern sect of the eighth and ninth centuries, whose object was to prevent the worship of, and to destroy, images used in religious rites. The term has been applied in modern times to enemies of religious beliefs generally.
Inebriety, Board of: Created September, 1911, in New York City, to undertake a reform of dealing with drink victims, the first of the kind ever created. Its method consists of “moral suasion” and providing proper environment, instead of inflicting punitive measures. A distinction is made between between first and second offenders–the former being put on probation, the latter being sent to a farm. The cost to the city will be $875,000 annually, with $200,000 for maintenance.
Infant Schools: Pestalozzi was the first teacher of modern times who systematized infant instruction, and in the early part of the present century his system, improved and developed by alter writers, reached its culmination. Infant schools were established throughout Europe, but were abandoned after a few years, as they were found to do more injury than good. In 1837, Frederick Froebel introduced a new method of infant training called the Kindergarten (children’s garden).
Insanity: Disordered or defective reason, arising from heredity, malformation of the skull, imprudence, intemperance, or sudden shock. It is classed as Melancholia, with or without delusions and excitement; Mania, often accompanied by frenzy; Ecstasy or religious excitement; Stupor, dullness, dementia; Degeneration of brain and nerve, with weakened moral sense, impulsive and unreasonable action, and hysteria; Weakness of brain caused by generative excess, syphilis, alcohol and old age, Constitutional Imbecility and idiocy. Insanity, in some of its forms, is the most agonizing of maladies, and cause the greatest distress to the family. It is relieved slowly, if at all, by wholesome food, cleanliness, sleep, mental and physical occupation, moderate exercise and wholesome amusement. The total annual cost of caring the insane in the United States is in the neighborhood of $50,000,000 per year. Insanity rates for various industrial occupations show that the rate per cent for shipwrights was 5.8, watchmakers 8.9, builders 7.7, tailors 11, bootmakers 10.5, bakers 6.8, tobacconists 6.0, brewers 6.1, inn-keepers 19.1. Brokers, agents, etc., have a rate of 12.4, bankers 9.3. commercial travelers 15.5, and warehousemen 17.1. Railroad men suffer much less from insanity than seamen. Their rate is 6.9, that of seamen 16.0. General laborers have the high rate of 39.1.
•Taken from the 1912 Standard Illustrated Book of Facts.
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